The Kiai-Santri Relationship as a Model of Participatory Leadership: An Analysis of Kiai Muhammad Hasyim Asy'ari's Thoughts on Pesantren Education
Keywords:
Kiai-santri relationship, participatory leadership, KH. Hasyim Asy'ari, Islamic boarding school educationAbstract
This study was motivated by the crisis of hierarchical and unparticipatory leadership in Islamic boarding schools. Previous studies have not specifically discussed KIAI Hasyim Asy'ari's thoughts on the Kiai-santri relationship as a model of participatory leadership. This study aims to analyze the concept of the Kiai-santri relationship from the perspective of KIAI Hasyim Asy'ari and construct it as a model of participatory leadership. This is a literature study with a qualitative-descriptive approach, using the book Adab al-'Alim wa al-Muta'allim as the primary source, and international journals, theses, and dissertations as secondary sources. Data collection was conducted through documentation, and data analysis was performed using content analysis. The novelty of this research lies in the discovery of three forms of relationship: spiritual-transformative, participatory-pedagogical, and social-civilization, which reflect participatory principles such as deliberation. These findings refute the assumption that participation in Islamic boarding schools originated in the West. Recommendations include the re-actualization of Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari's thinking into the pesantren curriculum, further ethnographic research, and the integration of traditional values with modern professionalism.
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh krisis kepemimpinan pesantren yang hierarkis dan kurang partisipatif. Studi terdahulu belum secara spesifik membahas pemikiran Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari tentang relasi Kiai-santri sebagai model kepemimpinan partisipatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep relasi Kiai-santri dalam perspektif Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari dan mengonstruksikannya sebagai model kepemimpinan partisipatif. Jenis penelitian studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif, sumber primer kitab Adab al-'Alim wa al-Muta'allim, serta sumber sekunder dari jurnal internasional, tesis, dan disertasi. Pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi, analisis data menggunakan content analysis. Kebaruan penelitian menemukan tiga bentuk relasi: spiritual-transformatif, partisipatif-pedagogis, dan sosial-peradaban yang mencerminkan prinsip partisipatif seperti musyawarah. Temuan ini membantah asumsi bahwa partisipasi dalam pesantren berasal dari Barat. Rekomendasi meliputi reaktualisasi pemikiran Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari ke kurikulum pesantren, penelitian etnografi lanjutan, dan integrasi nilai tradisional dengan profesionalisme modern.
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